What happens during the procedure?
The tubal ligation procedure is usually performed in a hospital or surgical clinic with general anesthesia, so you won't be awake during the procedure. The surgeon will make one or two incisions in the abdomen, usually near the navel. Sometimes, carbon dioxide gas is pumped in to inflate the abdomen so the surgeon has better access to the fallopian tubes. A laparoscope, a long thin tube with a small camera and light on the end, is inserted for the doctor to better see internal organs.
Doctors use various techniques to block the tubes. After the tubes are cut, they can be sealed with bands or clips, they can be stitched closed, or the doctor can use an electrical device to burn or cauterize the tubes (also known as electrocoagulation). All incisions are then closed using stitches.
In some cases, this procedure is done immediately after a woman gives birth.
How should I prepare for this procedure?
Do not eat for eight hours before the procedure. You may continue to drink clear liquids until two hours before the procedure. If your doctor has recommended different times, follow the timing recommended by your doctor.
You will need a pregnancy test before the procedure to make sure you are not pregnant.
Tell your doctor or prescriber about all prescription, over-the-counter (non-prescription), and herbal medications that you are taking. Also tell them about any medication allergies and medical conditions that you may have.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether you need to stop taking any of your medications before the procedure.
Arrange for someone to drive you home from the hospital.
What can I expect after the procedure?
You may feel some discomfort or pain after the procedure. This is normal. Your doctor may recommend pain medications to help with any discomfort or pain. Pain in the shoulder area due to the carbon dioxide gas is also common and should go away in the hours after the procedure.
Follow all your doctor's instructions. Try to avoid any strenuous activities after the surgery. After approximately one week, or when your body feels ready, sexual activity can resume.
Pain, dizziness, and symptoms of pregnancy require immediate attention. Watch your incision for signs of infection (e.g., bleeding or pus). Speak to your doctor as soon as possible if you notice these symptoms.
Arrange to have someone drive you home from the hospital.
Keep in mind that tubal ligation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results
Tubal ligation is almost 100% effective at preventing pregnancy. Although pregnancy is still a possibility, it happens very rarely.